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This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

What is overview - rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. It usually affects the hands, feet, and wrists symmetrically. Morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes is a hallmark. Early treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) can prevent lasting joint damage.

When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP

  • You have joint pain and swelling that has lasted more than 6 weeks.
  • Your joints are stiff for more than 30 minutes each morning.
  • Pain and stiffness affect both sides of the body symmetrically.
  • You feel generally unwell or tired alongside joint symptoms.
  • You have a family history of rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Existing treatment is not controlling symptoms.
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Self-care information from NHS

  • Keep active — gentle exercise like swimming, cycling, and stretching helps joint flexibility.
  • Take medication as prescribed — DMARDs work best when taken consistently.
  • Apply heat packs for stiffness or cold packs for swollen, hot joints.
  • Rest during flare-ups but avoid prolonged inactivity.
  • Consider occupational therapy for advice on joint protection and aids.
  • Attend all follow-up appointments — blood tests monitor both the disease and medication effects.

Common questions

What's the difference between rheumatoid and osteoarthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune — the body attacks its own joints, usually symmetrically, with prolonged morning stiffness. Osteoarthritis is wear-and-tear damage, typically affecting one or two joints, with stiffness that improves quickly after moving.

Can rheumatoid arthritis be cured?

There's no cure, but modern DMARDs and biologic treatments can push it into remission if started early. The goal is to control inflammation, prevent joint damage, and maintain quality of life.

How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical examination, blood tests (rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies, inflammatory markers), and sometimes X-rays or ultrasound. Early referral to a rheumatologist is key.

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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.