This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
What is ovarian cyst?
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovary. Most are harmless (functional cysts) and clear up on their own within a few months, often without symptoms. Larger cysts may cause pelvic pain, bloating, pain during sex, or changes in periods. Rarely, a cyst can twist (torsion) or rupture, causing sudden severe pain — this needs emergency treatment.
When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP
- You have persistent pelvic pain or a feeling of heaviness in your pelvis.
- You have pain or bleeding during or after sex.
- Your periods become heavier, irregular, or more painful than usual.
- You feel bloated all the time or feel full quickly when eating.
- You need to pee more often or urgently.
- Call 999 or go to A&E if you have sudden, severe pelvic pain with vomiting or fever — this can signal cyst torsion or rupture.
Self-care information from NHS
- Most small cysts don't need treatment and will be monitored with repeat ultrasound.
- Take paracetamol or ibuprofen for mild discomfort.
- Use a hot water bottle on the lower abdomen for cramping.
- Track symptoms in a diary to discuss with your GP.
- Attend follow-up scans as recommended — most cysts shrink naturally over 2 to 3 menstrual cycles.
Common questions
Are ovarian cysts cancerous?
The vast majority of ovarian cysts — especially in women under 40 — are benign (non-cancerous). Ovarian cancer is much rarer. A GP may arrange blood tests and scans to check larger or unusual cysts.
Do ovarian cysts need surgery?
Most ovarian cysts don't need surgery and resolve on their own. Surgery may be considered if a cyst is very large, causes severe symptoms, looks suspicious on scans, or doesn't go away after several months.
Can ovarian cysts affect fertility?
Most cysts don't affect fertility. However, cysts from conditions like endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can affect how the ovaries work. A GP can refer you to a gynaecologist if you're worried about fertility.
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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.