This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
What is oral thrush?
Oral thrush is a yeast infection of the mouth caused by candida. It causes white, creamy patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth that can be wiped off to reveal red, sore areas. It's more common in babies, older adults, people with weakened immunity, and those using steroid inhalers. Most cases clear with antifungal medicines from a pharmacy or GP.
When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP
- White patches in the mouth don't clear after a few days of self-care.
- Oral thrush keeps coming back.
- You have oral thrush and a weakened immune system (diabetes, HIV, chemotherapy).
- A baby with oral thrush has trouble feeding.
- You have trouble swallowing or thrush is spreading down the throat.
- You use steroid inhalers and keep getting thrush.
Self-care information from NHS
- Rinse mouth with water after using a steroid inhaler.
- Brush teeth twice a day and clean dentures thoroughly.
- Ask a pharmacist about antifungal gels or oral drops (like miconazole or nystatin).
- Stop smoking — it increases the risk of oral thrush.
- Control diabetes carefully if blood sugar is a factor.
- Sterilise dummies and feeding equipment for babies with thrush.
Common questions
How do I know if I have oral thrush?
Look for creamy white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth that can be wiped off to reveal red, sometimes bleeding, areas. You may also feel a cottony sensation or loss of taste. A GP or dentist can confirm.
How long does oral thrush take to clear?
With antifungal treatment, oral thrush usually clears within 7 to 14 days. If it persists after 2 weeks of treatment, or keeps coming back, see a GP — an underlying cause may need investigating.
Is oral thrush contagious?
Oral thrush isn't generally contagious to healthy adults, but can pass between a breastfeeding mother and baby. It can also pass through kissing to someone with weakened immunity. Normal hygiene is usually enough to prevent spread.
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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.