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Worried about oral thrush?

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This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

What is oral thrush?

Oral thrush is a yeast infection causing creamy white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth. Patches can be wiped off to reveal red, sore areas underneath. It's more common in people using steroid inhalers, those with weakened immunity, and older adults with dentures. Most cases clear with antifungal treatment.

When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP

  • White patches in the mouth don't clear after a few days.
  • Oral thrush keeps coming back.
  • You have oral thrush and a weakened immune system.
  • You have difficulty swallowing or thrush is spreading down the throat.
  • You use steroid inhalers and keep getting thrush.
  • A baby has oral thrush and is having trouble feeding.
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Self-care information from NHS

  • Rinse your mouth with water after using a steroid inhaler — this is the most effective prevention.
  • Brush teeth twice a day and clean dentures thoroughly every night.
  • Ask a pharmacist about antifungal gels or drops (miconazole or nystatin).
  • Stop smoking — it increases the risk.
  • If you have diabetes, keep blood sugar well controlled.
  • Sterilise dummies and feeding equipment for babies with thrush.

Common questions

How do I know if I have oral thrush?

Look for creamy white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth that can be wiped off. You may also notice redness, soreness, a cottony feeling, or loss of taste. A GP or dentist can confirm.

How long does oral thrush take to clear?

With antifungal treatment, oral thrush usually clears within 7 to 14 days. If it persists or keeps coming back, see a GP — an underlying cause like diabetes or immune suppression may need investigating.

Is oral thrush contagious?

Oral thrush isn't generally contagious to healthy adults, but can pass between a breastfeeding mother and baby. It can also spread through kissing to someone with weakened immunity. Good hygiene is usually enough to prevent spread.

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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.