This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
What is scarlet fever?
Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection caused by group A streptococcus, mostly affecting children. It starts with a sore throat, high temperature, and swollen glands, followed by a pink-red rash that feels like sandpaper. The tongue often looks white at first, then red and bumpy ('strawberry tongue'). Scarlet fever is treated with antibiotics and usually clears within a week.
When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP
- Have scarlet fever symptoms.
- Do not get better in a week (after seeing a GP).
- Have scarlet fever and chickenpox at the same time.
- Are ill again, weeks after scarlet fever got better – this can be a sign of a complication, such as rheumatic fever.
- Are feeling unwell and have been in contact with someone who has scarlet fever.
- Scarlet fever spreads very easily. Check with a GP before you go in. They may suggest a phone consultation.
Self-care information from NHS
- While you're taking antibiotics from your GP, you can help relieve symptoms of scarlet fever by.
- Drinking cool fluids.
- Eating soft foods if you have a sore throat.
- Taking painkillers like paracetamol to bring down a high temperature (do not give aspirin to children under 16).
- Using calamine lotion or antihistamine tablets to ease itching.
- Scarlet fever is very infectious and can easily spread to other people.
- Stay off nursery, school or work until 24 hours after you take the 1st dose of antibiotics.
- Wash your hands often with soap and water.
Common questions
How long does scarlet fever last?
With antibiotic treatment, symptoms usually improve within 24 to 48 hours and clear within a week. Without treatment, it can last 1 to 2 weeks and complications are more likely. The rash may peel as it heals.
Is scarlet fever contagious?
Yes — scarlet fever is contagious and spreads through coughs, sneezes, and contact. Children should stay off school or nursery for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics. Wash hands frequently and don't share cups or utensils.
When should I worry about scarlet fever?
Call 111 or a GP urgently if a child with scarlet fever becomes very unwell, has difficulty breathing, a very high fever not coming down, or develops joint pain or chest pain — rarely, complications like rheumatic fever can develop.
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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.