NHS information · Abdomen

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This page summarises publicly available NHS information for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice or a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

What is irritable bowel syndrome?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gut condition causing stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea, and constipation. Symptoms come and go and can last days, weeks, or months. The exact cause isn't known, but stress, certain foods, and changes in gut bacteria play a role. IBS is a lifelong condition, but diet changes, stress management, and medication can control symptoms.

When NHS resources suggest seeing a GP

  • You have symptoms of IBS that are affecting your daily life.
  • You've had a change in bowel habits lasting more than 3 weeks.
  • You have unexplained weight loss.
  • You have blood in your stools or from the back passage.
  • You have a lump or swelling in your tummy or back passage.
  • You're over 60 and symptoms are new or different.
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Self-care information from NHS

  • Keep a food diary to identify trigger foods — common ones include fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners.
  • Eat regular meals and don't skip them.
  • Drink at least 8 cups of fluid a day, especially water.
  • Try the low FODMAP diet under dietitian guidance if general changes don't help.
  • Exercise regularly — it helps with bowel function and stress.
  • Reduce stress — try relaxation techniques, yoga, or CBT.
  • Take probiotics for at least 4 weeks to see if they help.

Common questions

What triggers IBS flare-ups?

Common triggers include stress, certain foods (fatty food, caffeine, alcohol, spicy food, onions, beans), eating too quickly, and hormonal changes. Triggers vary by person — a food diary helps identify yours.

Can IBS be cured?

IBS is a long-term condition with no cure, but symptoms can be well controlled with diet, stress management, and medication. Many people find their symptoms improve significantly with the right combination of changes.

What is the low FODMAP diet?

The low FODMAP diet temporarily removes certain fermentable carbohydrates (found in foods like onions, garlic, wheat, and some fruits) that can trigger IBS symptoms. Foods are then reintroduced one at a time to identify triggers. Work with a dietitian for guidance.

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This page is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation. NorMed organises publicly available NHS information and is not affiliated with the NHS.